Report of the Working Group on Determining the Child\u27s Capacity to Make Decisions

[Preamble] As with adults, a lawyer has an ethical obligation to advocate the position of a child unless independent evidence exists that the child is unable to express a reasoned choice about issues that are relevant to the particular purpose for which the lawyer is representing the child. Where such evidence exists, the lawyer must engage in additional fact-finding to determine whether the child has, or may develop, the capacity to direct the lawyer\u27s action in the particular context

The TileCal Optical Multiplexer Board 9U

AbstractTileCal is the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment at LHC/CERN. The system contains roughly 10,000 channels of read-out electronics, whose signals are gathered and digitized in the front-end electronics and then transmitted to the counting room through two redundant optical links. Then, the data is received in the back-end system by the Optical Multiplexer Board (OMB) 9U which performs a CRC check to the redundant data to avoid Single Event Upsets errors. A real-time decision is taken on the event-to-event basis to transmit single data to the Read-Out Drivers (RODs) for processing. Due to the low dose level expected during the first years of operations in ATLAS it was decided not to use a redundant system and currently the front-end electronics is directly connected to the RODs. However, the increasing luminosity of the LHC will force to use the redundant read-out and the OMB system will be installed. Moreover, the OMB can be used as a ROD injector to emulate the front-end electronics for ROD software tests during detector maintenance periods taking advantage of its location in the data acquisition chain. First we will give a detailed description of the main components of the board and the different operation modes. Then, the production and qualification tests will be explained including a detailed description of the test-bench, software and validation protocols

Photoreception in Ambulacraria: A Comprehensive Approach

Non-directional photoreceptors are the evolutionary precursors of all animal eyes; they enable the monitoring of ambient light intensity and regulate feeding, movement and reproduction. While the first animals were most likely benthic, they evolved larval stages very early on, thus conquering a new ecological niche: the pelagic. In this realm, the evolutionary pressure to prey but not be preyed upon became stronger. This implied strong selection for better sensory systems, including photoreception. How were the photoreceptor systems of the earliest primary larvae arranged? Did this system mediate vertical migration, the largest movement of biomass on Earth? To try to answer these questions, I chose the pluteus larva of the sea urchin as a model. A comprehensive array of techniques was applied, covering levels of organization from genes to behaviour. The diversity of opsins in Ambulacraria (echinoderms plus hemichordates) has been surveyed to have the first phylogenetic context on this matter (Chapter 1). A nondirectional photoreceptor based on Go-opsins has been first described in an invertebrate larva of the deuterostome lineage (Chapter 2). A novel custom built behavioural set up was created to investigate the vertical migration of these pluteus larvae under different light conditions (Chapter 3). Based on these findings, a mechanistic model for understanding simple photodetection is proposed

Las oratorias de la convivencia: la diversidad cultural

Este artículo trata de llevar a cabo una reflexión sobre las diferentes teorías y modelos de integración de inmigrantes en las sociedades de acogida. Se realiza una exposición a vuela pluma de cómo los diferentes modelos de integración no han alcanzado el objetivo propuesto, y terminamos con unas consideraciones finales sobre cómo abordar el fenómeno de la inmigraciónThis article tries to bring out a reflexion about the different theories and models of the integration of inmigrants in the societies of reception. An exposition is delivered about how the different models of integration have not achieved the proposed aim. We finish with some final considerations about how to deal with the phenomenon of inmigratio

Modelling forest stand maturity from National Forest Inventory and terrestrial laser scanning data

Estimation of forest maturity linked to the biomass (or carbon) stock capacity is considered one of the most important issues regarding forest management and planning. This doctoral thesis explores such relationships and considers the use of stand level maximum biomass stock as a proxy for forest maturity through site quality gradient, as a measure that can feasibly be estimated from National Forest Inventory data. The research study was conducted in Spain for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica H. de Vill.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), beech-fir and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests. Finally, the potential of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology for estimating forest features in mature stands was also explored. For this purpose, the R package FORTLS was developed

Evaluating a human-robot interface for exploration missions

The research reported in this paper concerns the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a Human-Robot Interface for stationary remote operators, implemented for a PC computer. The GUI design and functionality is described. An Autonomy Management Model has been implemented and explained. We have conducted user evaluation, making two set of experiments, that will be described and the resulting data analyzed. The conclusions give an insight on the most important usability concerns, regarding the operator situational awareness. The scalability of the interface is also experimentally studied

Athletics in education system

Resumen tomado de la publicación.En este trabajo se analizan las posibilidades educativas que el atletismo puede aportar a los jóvenes escolarizados, trascendiendo de la orientación hacia la competición que busca obtener un máximo rendimiento. Así, el atletismo, dentro del marco del sistema educativo debe ser considerado como un medio que conduzca hacia la iniciación deportiva con un carácter formativo. Además se presenta su vínculo con los objetivos de materia y etapa, con las competencias básicas, con los contenidos y, finalmente, con los criterios de evaluación. Por tanto, se aporta una propuesta para la implementación de la iniciación al atletismo en cualquier centro educativo.ES

Special criminal application system of minor offender to commit the crime of murder

Este articulo trata de manera objetiva, la flagrante inaplicabilidad de la normatividad penal de infancia respecto de las conductas punibles ejecutadas por los menores, evidenciándose la necesidad de incrementar las penas actuales en relación al delito de homicidio, pues la irritación social causada por la impunidad al momento del juicio crea la implementación de las políticas existentes encaminadas a garantizar una atención del adolescente. En consecuencia al alto índice de conductas delictivas cometidas por los menores adolecentes es necesario anotar que una idónea atención por parte del Estado Colombiano evitaría reincidencias y prorrumpe mensajes que desincentivaran futuras conductas punibles en adolescentes.This article evidence objectively, the blatant criminal inapplicable regulations regarding childhood punishable behaviors performed by children, demonstrating the need to increase current penalties in relation to the crime of murder, as the irritation caused by social impunity time of the trial creates the implementation of existing policies to ensure adolescent care. Consequently the high rate of criminal behavior committed by children adolescents is necessary to note that a suitable care by the Colombian government and prevent recidivism messages disincentive bursts future criminal conduct in adolescents

GIS mapping of driving behavior based on naturalistic driving data

Este artigo pertence ao número especial Smart Cartography for Big Data Solutions.[Abstract:] Naturalistic driving can generate huge datasets with great potential for research. However, to analyze the collected data in naturalistic driving trials is quite complex and difficult, especially if we consider that these studies are commonly conducted by research groups with somewhat limited resources. It is quite common that these studies implement strategies for thinning and/or reducing the data volumes that have been initially collected. Thus, and unfortunately, the great potential of these datasets is significantly constrained to specific situations, events, and contexts. For this, to implement appropriate strategies for the visualization of these data is becoming increasingly necessary, at any scale. Mapping naturalistic driving data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows for a deeper understanding of our driving behavior, achieving a smarter and broader perspective of the whole datasets. GIS mapping allows for many of the existing drawbacks of the traditional methodologies for the analysis of naturalistic driving data to be overcome. In this article, we analyze which are the main assets related to GIS mapping of such data. These assets are dominated by the powerful interface graphics and the great operational capacity of GIS software